Salton Sea: History

Covering 381 square miles and located in Imperial County, the Salton Sea is the largest lake in California.

The lake is formed by the gravitational water flow from the Colorado River into Salton Sink, which is more than 200 feet below sea level. The lake - as it is known today — was formed by flooding in 1905.

Since its formation, the Salton Sea has become a major recreational area attracting a wide range of wild life in and around the lake's waters. It is an important stop for migrating birds traveling on the Pacific flyway.

The lake has no outlet, and in recent years a reduction in the amount of water available to the lake coupled with evaporation has resulted in concentrations of chemicals and salts. This has caused a serious decline in the lake's water quality and in the lake's ability to sustain life. Drought conditions and the diversion of water for other uses have made the situation even more serious.

Efforts to improve the ecology of the lake have been explored. Cost estimates have run into the billions of dollars. Other less expensive options are being studied.

• Pre-1500: Called Lake Cahuilla by native residents, the lake experiences periods of flooding and drought.
• 1540: First exploration of the Colorada River delta by Spanish.
• 1800s: Cycle of flooding and drought continues.
• 1892: Salt mine established. Railroad station serving the mine is named Salton.
• 1905: Floodwaters of the Colorado River change course and flow into Salton Sink.
• 1906: Salton Sea is measured to be 195 feet below sea level.
• 1942: All-American Canal provides water to the Imperial Valley, supporting agriculture.
• 1958: Salton City, a new community on the western shore of the lake, is developed.
• 1960: On the northern edge of the lake, the North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is developed.
• 1980s to present: Increased salinity and concentrations of chemicals result in declining wildlife.
• 2004: New approaches to saving the Salton Sea are studied.